Category: Appeals court

Louisiana Courts Continue Re-Establishment of the Open and Obvious Defense

05.12.2017

Under traditional Louisiana law, if somebody tripped and fell, the property owner would not be liable for an injury (1) if the person reasonably should have seen the thing that caused them to fall or (2) if it was as obvious to the person as it was to the property owner. Stated another way, if the alleged condition was “open” and “obvious,” then that condition could not be “unreasonably dangerous,” and the property owner would not be liable. This thinking formed the basis of the “open and obvious defense” in Louisiana law.

A few years ago, the Louisiana Supreme Court issued a ruling in Broussard v. State, 2012-1238 (La. 2013), 113 So.3d 175 that raised doubts about the usefulness of the open and obvious defense. However, recent decisions by the Louisiana Supreme Court and various courts of appeal have clarified that the open and obvious defense is not dead.

A recent example of this trend is seen in Morel v. Cheema Properties, LLC, 16-666 (La. App. 5 Cir. 4/12/17), — So.3d —. This case involved a trip-and-fall accident at a gas station. On her way inside to pay for her gas, an elderly plaintiff saw two hoses next to a curb where she stepped up to enter the store. When she exited the store, she saw that the two hoses had separated and now blocked her path. She fell and was injured when she tried to navigate through these hoses. The property owner asserted the open and obvious defense and plaintiff’s suit was dismissed.

The court found that the plaintiff “was aware of the open and obvious risk” and that she fell while attempting to step over the hoses. The court observed that the plaintiff could have avoided the risk by asking for assistance or for the hoses to be moved. To the court, it was significant “that the plaintiff saw the hoses and was aware that the hoses could cause her to fall.” Therefore, because the alleged condition was open and obvious, it did not present an unreasonable risk.

This recent Fifth Circuit decision is consistent with recent trends in Louisiana law and shows that the open and obvious defense remains alive and well.

One Particular Mosquito: West Nile Virus Found to be a Compensable Workers’ Compensation Claim

02.27.2017

A Workers’ Compensation Judge in Monroe, Louisiana found that a claimant met his burden of proving that a specific mosquito bite at work caused him to contract the West Nile Virus, resulting in permanent total disability.

At trial, the claimant asserted that “he specifically remembers being bitten on his left leg by a mosquito” while working in the break room of his employer, Graphic Packaging. Claimant presented evidence that mosquitoes were present at the work site, although his purported eyewitness to the event (who also contracted the disease) was proven to have not been at work that day.

The director of the Ouachita Parish Mosquito Abatement District was offered by the claimant and testified that there was a prevalence of mosquitoes in Ouachita Parish during that summer which carried the West Nile Virus. Mosquitoes trapped near both the employer’s location and the claimant’s house tested positive. According to the director, the only way to determine if a mosquito is infected with West Nile is to have that particular mosquito tested. An expert epidemiologist for the employer added that the most commonly infected mosquitoes would not have been active during the middle of the day when the claimant alleges he was bitten.

Based upon the testimony of the claimant, his witness, and the experts, the Workers’ Compensation Judge ruled that the claimant had sufficiently proven that the specific mosquito infected with the West Nile Virus had bitten him at work. The court also stung the employer and its workers’ compensation insurer with penalties and attorneys’ fees, finding that they had not contested the claim on a reasonable basis.

The Court of Appeal in Allen vs. Graphic Packaging, No. 51,080 (La. App. 2d Cir. 1/11/17), – – So 3d – -, upheld the Workers’ Compensation Judge. The court noted that all proof of the “accident” rested upon circumstantial evidence and that the claimant possessed no direct evidence that the break room mosquito carried the disease. In this setting, the claimant “faced a burden of proof to show circumstantially that the break room mosquito carried the disease.” Utilizing the “manifest error or clearly wrong standard,” the appellate court held that the claimant had met his burden despite his indirect proof.

The Allen court ultimately reversed the finding of permanent total disability, because the Workers’ Compensation Judge misapplied the statutory requirements. It also reversed the award of penalties and attorneys’ fees noting that “there were numerous factors sufficient to validate Graphic’s reasonable controversion of Allen’s claim.”

Grounds for Appeal: Preparing for Round Two

06.20.2016

Lawsuits begin in the trial court. For that reason, the immediate focus remains in the trial court where the case will be decided by the jury or the trial judge. However, once the judgment is entered or the verdict reached, the focus quickly shifts to the appeals court. In many cases, what happens in the trial court is just “round one” and cases are often truly decided on appeal. This post will help to identify the types of issues considered when there is an appeal.